Para as mães trabalhadoras, um salário 11% menor
Custo da maternidade cresce no país; investimento em Educação pode aumentar com menos jovensAlessandra Duartee Carolina Benevidesopais@oglobo.com.brMaternidade. Mariângela e Artur: "Nunca mais consegui voltar a estudar"Alexandre Cassianodesafios dO FUTUROO principal motivo para a diminuição da população brasileira - a queda da taxa de fecundidade - e o fato de que também cai o número de pessoas mais jovens trazem uma oportunidade para o país: como haverá menos crianças e adolescentes, o Brasil terá, portanto, mais dinheiro a ser investido per capita na Educação.Além disso, o investimento nos mais jovens também vai permitir não só que a força de trabalho do futuro seja mais qualificada, mas que a parcela feminina dessa força possa ter participação mais ativa no mercado, em vez de deixar de trabalhar para cuidar dos filhos.Estudo inédito apresentado no Encontro Nacional de Estudos Populacionais deste ano e realizado pela pesquisadora do Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional (Cedeplar) da UFMG Maíra Andrade Paulo mostra que o custo de ser mãe no Brasil aumentou ao longo das últimas décadas: se em 1992 as mulheres que eram mães recebiam 4% a menos do que aquelas que não eram, em 2009 essa diferença salarial passou a ser de 11%.Baseado na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (Pnad) do IBGE, o estudo também aponta defasagem salarial grande com o adiamento da maternidade: mulheres que tiveram o primeiro filho entre 18 e 21 anos, em 2009, ganhavam, por hora, pouco mais de R$ 4. Mulheres que deram à luz entre 25 e 34 anos recebiam, por hora, R$ 8.- É o que podemos chamar de penalidade da maternidade. As mulheres que não têm filhos, ou que adiam o momento de tê-los, conseguem investir na formação, o que faz com que possam conseguir empregos mais qualificados e que pagam mais. Além de participarem mais do mercado de trabalho: têm mais disponibilidade para assumir um cargo de chefia ou não precisam procurar uma função com horário mais flexível, que demanda menos e paga menos - destaca Maíra.Segundo a pesquisadora, o custo de ficar fora do mercado aumenta justamente porque têm crescido as exigências de formação e qualificação:- Então, quem consegue investir nisso...
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