A cor da mente
Cristovam Buarque
Nos anos 70, a televisão mostrou uma série com o nome de "Raízes", contando a trajetória de uma família de negros americanos, desde seu passado na África. A série emocionou centenas de milhões de pessoas ao mostrar o sofrimento de sucessivas gerações que tinham em comum a cor da pele e a escravidão por serem negras.
Trazida para o presente, a série "Raízes" pode ser escrita sob outro ângulo: as sucessivas gerações de pessoas carregando a característica do analfabetismo. A genealogia de um analfabeto mostra quase toda sua linha de transmissão no analfabetismo. Raramente o filho de alfabetizados cai no analfabetismo. Já o analfabeto adulto é filho e neto de analfabetos.
Mas diferentemente da transmissão da escravidão pela cor irremovível, a transmissão do analfabetismo decorre da falta de programas educativos para sua erradicação. Porque a cor da mente é mutável pela educação.
Muito provavelmente, os 13 milhões de analfabetos de hoje são descendentes dos 6,5 milhões de analfabetos que povoavam o território brasileiro em 1889. Naquele ano, a elite republicana fez uma bandeira com um lema escrito, mesmo sabendo que seus cidadãos eram incapazes de reconhecê-lo porque não sabiam ler. E desde então 125 anos se passaram sem um gesto enfático e duradouro que abolisse a tragédia, que permitisse a todos os brasileiros lerem a sua bandeira.
A repetição genealógica do analfabetismo é causada pelo descaso com a educação das crianças, que deixa aberta a torneira por onde surgem novos analfabetos adultos, e pela falta de um programa concreto e persistente para a erradicação desta tragédia entre os adultos.
Para resolver o problema em cinco anos seria necessária a mobilização de 130 mil jovens bolsistas ao custo anual...
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