O custo que tem o trabalho
por hora Indústria brasileira paga mais que no México. Valor cresceu 38% desde 2008Lucianne Carneirolucianne.carneiro@oglobo.com.brConta própria. Juliana e Dalton trabalham sem carteira há anos. Quando Vinicius nasceu, ela sentiu falta da licença-maternidadeDaniela DacorsoO custo da hora do trabalhador brasileiro é baixo, mas a produtividade também, o que afeta o custo total do trabalho no país. O valor da hora que a indústria paga por aqui é quase o dobro do México, mas cerca de um terço do que se vê nos Estados Unidos e em países europeus. E o preço da hora no Brasil vem em franco crescimento desde 2008: a alta acumulada chegou a 38%. Ganho salarial e câmbio explicam essa valorização. Especialistas afirmam, no entanto, que a produtividade vem comprometendo o desempenho do trabalho. O custo e a produtividade são o tema do terceiro dia da série de reportagens sobre os 70 anos da CLT.Em 2011, a hora de trabalho na indústria era de US$ 11,65 no Brasil, quase o dobro dos US$ 6,48 do México, mas abaixo dos US$ 15,91 da Argentina, segundo dados do Escritório de Estatísticas do Trabalho dos Estados Unidos (BLS, na sigla em inglês). Os números são bem menores que os registrados em países desenvolvidos como Estados Unidos (US$ 35,53), França (US$ 42,12) e Alemanha (US$ 47,38).Ao mesmo tempo, dados da instituição de pesquisa americana The Conference Board apontam que o desempenho da produtividade no país está aquém do de outros emergentes. Em 2012, a produtividade no Brasil caiu 0,3%, na contramão do crescimento de 1,8% no mundo e de 4,8% nas maiores economias emergentes. O comportamento do país foi classificado pela entidade como um "declínio dramático". O Brasil já vinha registrando desaceleração: a expansão da produtividade, que tinha sido de 4,1% em 2010, caiu para 0,7% em 2011.- Nosso grande problema aqui no Brasil não é o custo do trabalho isoladamente, mas a produtividade do trabalhador, que cresceu pouco nas últimas décadas - afirma Eduardo Zylberstajn, professor de Economia da Fundação Getulio Vargas.A falta de mão de obra qualificada e a disputa por pessoal com o setor de serviços, o mais dinâmico da economia, fez cair a produtividade da indústria. Apesar da queda da produção de 2,7% em 2012, o quadro foi reduzido em 1,4%, e os...
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