Desigualdade e meio ambiente desafiam china
Lucianne Carneirolucianne.carneiro@oglobo.com.brParticipação. Li colaborou na formulação das reformasAlexandre CassianoA crescente desigualdade de renda, a instabilidade social, a sustentação do crescimento e a preservação do ambiente são os principais desafios da China, na avaliação de Li Shi, professor da Universidade Normal de Pequim. Li, participante das preparações para a Plenária do Partido Comunista, que anunciou reformas recentemente, esteve no Rio para participar de um seminário organizado em parceria pelo FGV/Ibre e pelo Instituto de Estudos da América Latina da Academia de Ciências Sociais da China.A China reduziu pobreza, mas aumentou a desigualdade. O que levou a isso?Nos últimos 30 anos, vimos grande redução de pobreza, principalmente rural. No início dos anos 80, tínhamos 250 milhões de pobres. No fim daquela década eram cem milhões. Hoje, são 30 milhões. Mas o crescimento da renda foi maior para os mais ricos, o que elevou à desigualdade. Para o governo, o importante era fazer o bolo crescer.Isso mudou?Percebeu-se que a desigualdade poderia gerar problema social. Lançaram medidas como busca da educação primária universal e da ampliação de cobertura de serviços médicos e programas de alívio da pobreza. Mas o efeito não é tão grande.Há risco de a China cair na armadilha da renda média e não elevar a renda?A China ainda deve levar dez anos para ser um país de renda elevada, se mantiver crescimento de 7%. Se compararmos com Brasil e Argentina, há riscos para a...
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