Festejando o atraso
Cristovam BuarqueNestas duas últimas semanas, além do Messi, dois argentinos estiveram no noticiário brasileiro: o Papa Francisco e o representante das Nações Unidas no Brasil, Jorge Chediek. Há uma correlação nestas duas presenças: o primeiro por defender, entre outras coisas, uma economia mais solidária e humanista; o segundo, porque, como coordenador-residente do Sistema ONU no Brasil e representante-residente do Pnud, apresentou os resultados da evolução do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M) entre 1991 e 2010 no Brasil. Este indicador mostra uma melhora no quadro social brasileiro e também o nosso atraso e desigualdade. Mostra, sobretudo, como avançamos devagar nos objetivos aos quais deveríamos nos propor como Nação, especialmente na educação.O IDH é certamente uma das maiores contribuições ao pensamento social no século XX. Até ele, o mundo moderno utilizava apenas o PIB como indicador de progresso e do avanço social. Concebido pelos economistas Mahbub ul Haq e Amartya Sen e publicado pela primeira vez em 1990, e atualmente coordenado pelo economista Khalid Malik, o IDH permitiu reorientar a visão do desenvolvimento para além da análise do crescimento da produção e da renda. Passou a incorporar também objetivos sociais.Quando surgiu, o IDH foi esnobado pelos economistas e considerado devaneio pouco científico. Na verdade, o IDH é tão pouco científico, quando comparado com um termômetro, quanto é o PIB. Afinal, se é pouco científico somar renda com saúde e educação como faz a metodologia do IDH, também é pouco científico somar...
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