Inteligente pra cachorro
Chaser, cadela que conhece mais de mil palavras, agora tem aulas de gramáticaRenato Grandellerenato.grandelle@oglobo.com.brAplicada. Três anos de testesDivulgaçãoGênia de quatro patasBorder collie é uma raça de cães que não fogem do trabalho. Há séculos eles são usados por fazendeiros para observarem o deslocamento de ovelhas. Chaser, no entanto, notabilizou-se não pela vida rural, mas por sua carreira acadêmica. Nesta semana, em um artigo publicado por pesquisadores da Wofford College (EUA) na revista "Learning and Motivation", seus donos comprovaram que a mascote, que conhece mais de mil substantivos, já é craque em sintaxe e semântica.Chaser, de 9 anos, construiu seu vocabulário com brinquedos, como bolas, bonecos e frisbees. Cada um tem suas próprias características - a cor, por exemplo - e um nome, que vai de "leopardo" a "Papai Noel". A "decoreba" demorou três anos, e tornou a cachorra tão inteligente quanto um bebê.Segundo o estudo, "Assim como as crianças, Chaser tem a consciência de que as palavras podem se referir a objetos e de que nomes podem se referir a objetos únicos ou a categorias de objetos".Antes da nova pesquisa, a cachorra atendia a ordens simples. Seus donos a pediam para, entre centenas de objetos, "pegar o leopardo". Ela então, aventurava-se na pilha de brinquedos até encontrar o artigo que recebeu este nome.O trabalho, agora, é mais complexo. Além dos substantivos, Chaser lida com verbos, advérbios e preposições. Assim, consegue associar um objeto a outro. Em um experimento, o "leopardo" e o "Papai Noel" são colocados em cantos opostos de uma mesma sala. Os donos pedem: "levar leopardo a Papai Noel". Ou, então, "levar Papai Noel a leopardo". Chaser entende que a mudança de palavras em uma frase significa que seu dever é outro.Em 24 testes descritos no estudo, a cachorra acertou 18 vezes (75%) as...
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