A desconsideração da personalidade jurídica do consumidor
Autor | Robson Zanetti |
Cargo | Advogado. Doctorat Droit Privé Université Panthéon-Sorbonne. Corso Singolo Diritto Privato Università degli Studi di Milano. E-mail: robsonzanetti@robsonzanetti.com.br |
O art. 28, § 5.º do Código de Defesa do Consumidor estabelece que o fornecedor que causar prejuízos aos consumidores deverá ressarci-los, porém, indagamos: é justo numa relação contratual que o consumidor também repare os prejuízos sofridos pelo fornecedor? O Código de Defesa do Consumidor está baseado em contratos onerosos e quando se fala destes contratos, devemos analisar não simplesmente como um simples acordo de vontades, mais também como um acordo onde a transferência de patrimônios.
O contrato precisa ser equilibrado entre os contratantes e para que haja equilíbrio é preciso que se chegue ao meio termo, como se diz na linguagem popular empresarial, contrato bom é aquele que é bom para os dois lados.
Nesta visão que o contrato tem que ser bom para ambos os lados, significa dizer que ele não pode ser abusivo, pois, havendo cláusula abusiva, busca-se o equilíbrio entre os contratantes, para que nenhum deles seja lesado.
O fornecedor que causar um prejuízo ao consumidor e possuindo personalidade jurídica, como por exemplo, o fornecedor é uma sociedade limitada e não possuir patrimônio suficiente para o pagamento do consumidor, terá sua personalidade jurídica desconsiderada e os sócios da sociedade responderão solidariamente com seus bens pessoais para ressarcir o consumidor.
Agora, a recíproca é verdadeira? Entendemos que sim. O fornecedor não pode ser discriminado pela sua qualidade, pois, a discriminação é vedada pela nossa constituição.
O fornecedor ao fornecer um produto ou serviço para o consumidor tem que receber uma contraprestação no contrato oneroso, pois, caso ele não a receba, estará sofrendo prejuízo e o consumidor estará se enriquecendo ilicitamente, pois, não podemos imaginar que somente o fornecedor pode causar prejuízo ao consumidor e que o consumidor não possa causar prejuízos ao fornecedor.
Desta forma, não haveria justiça contratual e sim...
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