Pesquisadores, empresários
Pela segunda vez em seis meses o Ibama anuncia que multou ou vai multar empresas e instituições de pesquisa que estariam fazendo uso ilegal de material genético. No ano passado foram R$ 120 milhões em multas, agora mais 100 infratores são autuados. A medida rigorosa mereceria aplausos se não juntasse, num mesmo balaio, pesquisadores, empresários e, talvez, até biopiratas. Um mesmo ato preserva a biodiversidade e inviabiliza a pesquisa.O Brasil não tem uma lei que regule o assunto, apenas uma medida provisória, a 2.186/2001, considerada inadequada por quase todo mundo. Ruim com ela, pior sem ela. Antes disso, não tínhamos nada e as histórias de biopirataria no Brasil remetem ao tempo do pau-brasil. Passando pelo açaí e pelo cupuaçu que tiveram suas patentes registradas por empresas japonesas.A MP determina que para fazer pesquisa com material genético é preciso ter autorização do proprietário, que pode ser uma tribo indígena ou uma comunidade ribeirinha. Além disso, é necessário um acordo de repartição dos benefícios da eventual descoberta com esses parceiros. Mas nada anda sem o aval do Conselho de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético (CGen).Empresários e pesquisadores dizem que esse trâmite pode demorar até dois anos, o que inviabiliza negócios ou financiamentos. Quem pesquisa sem autorização é multado e tem dificuldades para se regularizar. Boa parte das autuações está nesta categoria.O potencial da biodiversidade na Amazônia está estimado entre U$ 1 trilhão e US$ 4 trilhões, quase um pré-sal. No entanto, estudos mostram que só 10% desse patrimônio estão catalogados. Levaríamos mil anos, nesse ritmo, para conhecer toda essa riqueza. Regras claras, medidas menos provisórios e investimentos sustentáveis em pesquisa seria um bom recomeço.Não faz nenhum sentido o país que tem a maior extensão de florestas tropicais do planeta ter apenas cerca de 5% do PIB oriundo da economia florestalIzabella Teixeira, Ministra do Meio AmbienteO COMPORTAMENTO discreto, sem piruetas, e o seu tamanho - é um dos menores golfinhos do mundo - fazem da Toninha uma das espécies mais ameaçadas do Atlântico Sul, principalmente por conta dos elevados índices de captura acidental em redes de pesca. Segundo os pesquisadores da Fundação Educacional da Região de Joinville (FURJ), mais de mil delas morrem todos os anos na costa...
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