Quem está por trás da violência no Haiti?
Athena Kolbe e Robert MuggahMais um alerta. O mais recente, do governo dos Estados Unidos, desaconselha viagens ao Haiti, citando "risco de crimes violentos, incluindo assalto a mão armada, homicídio, estupro e sequestro", sendo a maior parte cometidos por grupos de criminosos.As gangues são consideradas as principais culpadas pela violência local. Mas quem são e qual é o seu papel na desestabilização do país? Somente por meio da construção de um conhecimento sólido sobre esses grupos é possível encontrar melhores formas de lidar com eles.Um novo estudo do Instituto Igarapé aponta as várias definições do que é uma gangue haitiana. Desde 2004, a Missão de Estabilização das Nações Unidas no Haiti (Minustah) promove atividades direcionadas às gangues, grupos geralmente associados a redes criminosas e a todo tipo de delinquência.Mas os haitianos veem as coisas de outra forma. Embora apontem alguns integrantes de gangues como bandidos, muitos moradores de zonas populares têm uma relação mais complexa com elas, descrevendo-as como como "associações políticas" e "grupos comunitários". Compostas de homens jovens, as gangues significam status, pertencimento e autoajuda. Repensar o que se entende por gangue pode ajudar a criar estratégias inovadoras para desarticular as mais violentas.O estereótipo de bandidos indisciplinados que devem ser trancados na prisão não é apenas míope, mas está em desacordo com a realidade. A maioria das gangues é pouco armada e tem uma organização interna frágil. Historicamente, eram vinculadas a bairros sobre os quais exerciam o controle e exigiam...
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