A vida encantadora das ruas
Sérgio Magalhães"Eu amo a rua", diz João do Rio, em crônica que inaugura seu livro famoso; e acrescenta: "Esse sentimento de natureza toda íntima não vos seria revelado por mim se não julgasse que esse amor é partilhado por todos vós." Amor que "une, nivela e agremia", o "único que resiste às idades e às épocas"."A rua do alinhado das fachadas é um fator de vida das cidades" - "é a mais niveladora das obras humanas", reitera. "A rua faz as celebridades e as revoltas."No início do século XX, quando essa crônica foi escrita, os pensadores do urbanismo ainda não haviam condenado a "rua corredor", aquela "do alinhado das fachadas" de João do Rio. A condenação se deu pouco depois, enunciada pelo arquiteto franco-suíço Le Corbusier, e disseminou-se mundialmente como febre avassaladora. Na cidade funcional, tudo seria autônomo: morar, trabalhar, recrear, circular; cada função em seu lugar.O lugar da circulação não seria "povoado", mas preenchido por veículos e pela velocidade. Tal modelo foi algoz das ruas preexistentes: não acabou com elas, mas as transformou em lugares inóspitos ao convívio, barulhentos, desinteressantes. Os edifícios foram dispensados de manter relação de escala com a rua; independentes do lugar e da paisagem, atenderam muito bem ao lucro imobiliário.Ainda são frutos desse modelo funcionalista os bairros homogêneos, os condomínios isolados, os shopping centers - e, logo, as autopistas, os elevados e a ausência de calçadas. Também os Centros sem moradia, vazios à noite e aos fins de semana. (Lembremos que, no Rio, por trinta anos foi proibido...
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